Map of Miami neighborhoods By the early 1800s Indian removal was a significant issue throughout the southeastern U.S. and also in Florida in 1830 the U.S Congress passed the Indian Removal Act and as settlement increased pressure grew on the U.S government to remove the Indians from Florida Seminoles offered sanctuary to blacks and these became known as the Black Seminoles and clashes between whites and Indians grew with the influx of new settlers in 1832 the Treaty of Payne's Landing promised to the Seminoles lands west of the Mississippi River if they agreed to leave Florida Many Seminole left at this time. In the 1980s Miami started to see an increase in immigrants from other nations such as Haiti As the Haitian population grew in Miami the area known today as "Little Haiti" emerged centered on Northeast Second Avenue and 54th Street in 1985 Xavier Suarez was elected as Mayor of Miami becoming the first Cuban mayor of a major city in the 1990s the presence of Haitians was acknowledged with Haitian Creole language signs in public places and ballots during voting, See also: Transportation in Miami, The first airport on the site of MIA opened in the 1920s and was known as Miami City Airport Pan American World Airways opened an expanded facility adjacent to City Airport Pan American Field in 1928 Pan American Field was built on 116 acres of land on 36th Street and was the only mainland airport in the eastern United States that had port of entry facilities Its runways were located around the threshold of today's Runway 26R Eastern Airlines began to serve Pan American Field in 1931 followed by National Airlines in 1936 National used a terminal on the opposite side of LeJeune Road from the airport and would stop traffic on the road in order to taxi aircraft to and from its terminal Miami Army Airfield opened in 1943 during the Second World War to the south of Pan American Field: the runways of the two were originally separated by railroad tracks but the two airfields were listed in some directories as a single facility Following World War II in 1945 the City of Miami established a Port Authority and raised bond revenue to purchase Pan American Field which had been since renamed 36th Street Airport from Pan Am it merged with the former Miami Army Airfield which was purchased from the United States Army Air Force south of the railroad in 1949 and expanded further in 1951 when the railroad line itself was moved south to make more room the old terminal on 36th Street was closed in 1959 when the center modern passenger terminal (since greatly expanded) opened United States Air Force Reserve troop carrier and rescue squadrons also operated from the airport from 1949 through 1959 when the last unit relocated to nearby Homestead Air Force Base (now Homestead Air Reserve Base); ! From 1858 to 1896 only a handful of families made their homes in the Miami area Those that did lived in small settlements along Biscayne Bay the first of these settlements formed at the mouth of the Miami River and was variously called Miami Miamuh and Fort Dallas Foremost among the Miami River settlers were the Brickells William Brickell had previously lived in Cleveland Ohio California and Australia where he met his wife Mary in 1870 Brickell bought land on the south bank of the river the Brickells and their children operated a trading post and post office on their property for the rest of the 19th century, U.S National Register of Historic Places, 10 Bibliography St Thomas University (private/Catholic). Florida contains the highest percentage of people over 65 (17%) There were 186,102 military retirees living in the state in 2008 About two-thirds of the population was born in another state the second highest in the U.S. Pan Am's terminal at Dinner Key in 1944 during World War II 2.2.1 The Goodman Psychological Services Center.
The Miami metropolitan area is served by five interstate highways operated by the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) in conjunction with local agencies Interstate 95 (I-95) runs north to south along the coast ending just south of Downtown Miami at South Dixie Highway (US 1) I-75 runs east to west turning south in western Broward County and connecting suburban north Miami-Dade to Naples on the Southwest Coast via Alligator Alley which transverses the Florida Everglades before turning north I-595 connects the Broward coast and downtown Fort Lauderdale to I-75 and Alligator Alley in Miami I-195 and I-395 relay the main I-95 route east to Biscayne Boulevard (US 1) and Miami Beach across Biscayne Bay via the Julia Tuttle and MacArthur causeways, After Eastern's shutdown in 1991 it was used by a variety of European and Latin American airlines; by the 2000s (decade) American Airlines was its sole tenant the concourse was closed in 2004 and torn down the following year as part of the North Terminal Development project the immigration and customs hall remained open until 2007 when it was closed along with Concourse A, Americans of English descent and Americans of Scots-Irish descent began moving into northern Florida from the backwoods of Georgia and South Carolina Though technically not allowed by the Spanish authorities and the Floridan government they were never able to effectively police the border region and the backwoods settlers from the United States would continue to immigrate into Florida unchecked These migrants mixing with the already present British settlers who had remained in Florida since the British period would be the progenitors of the population known as Florida Crackers; The idea of a national park for the Everglades was pitched in 1928 when a Miami land developer named Ernest F Coe established the Everglades Tropical National Park Association it had enough support to be declared a national park by Congress in 1934 it took another 13 years to be dedicated on December 6 1947 One month before the dedication of the park a former editor from the Miami Herald and freelance writer named Marjory Stoneman Douglas released her first book titled the Everglades: River of Grass After researching the region for five years she described the history and ecology of the South Florida in great detail She characterized the Everglades as a river instead of a stagnant swamp the last chapter was titled "The Eleventh Hour" and warned that the Everglades were dying although it could be reversed, Sports A clump of mangroves in the distance Florida Bay at Flamingo, PortMiami is the world's busiest cruise ship port and is headquarters to many of the world's largest cruise companies From left to right: Hapag-Lloyd Europa Norwegian Sky Oceania Nautica Carnival Valor Carnival Imagination Carnival Liberty Royal Caribbean Liberty of the Seas MV Explorer. . Exports and Imports of products goods or services are usually a country's most important international economic transactions, In December 1979 police officers pursued motorcyclist Arthur McDuffie in a high-speed chase after McDuffie made a provocative gesture towards a police officer the officers claimed that the chase ended when McDuffie crashed his motorcycle and died but the coroner's report concluded otherwise One of the officers testified that McDuffie fell off of his bike on an Interstate 95 on-ramp When the police reached him he was injured but okay the officers removed his helmet beat him to death with their batons put his helmet back on and called an ambulance claiming there had been a motorcycle accident Eula McDuffie the victim's mother said to the Miami Herald a few days later "They beat my son like a dog They beat him just because he was riding a motorcycle and because he was black." a jury acquitted the officers after a brief deliberation, Museums and visual arts. . Alternatively nearby Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport also serves commercial traffic in the Miami area Miami-Opa Locka Executive Airport in Opa-locka and Miami Executive Airport in an unincorporated area southwest of Miami serve general aviation traffic in the Miami area, 9 Education High schools Miami Senior High School Miami's oldest continuously used high school structure.
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